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明日腊八话腊八

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发表于 2008-1-14 08:55:00 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八粥配料<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;<br/><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">农历十二月初八</chsdate>,古称<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊月<span lang="EN-US">”</span>初八,民间都当作年节来过,在此日祭祀天地神灵和祖先,并祈求丰收与祥瑞。一到腊八节,家家户户都要煮腊八粥,这已成为一种习俗流传至今。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span>腊八节吃粥盛行于宋代,当时称为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>五味粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,主要是以稻黍和果豆为原料,后来配料不断改进,元代即以胡桃、松子、柿、栗子为配料,明朝将腊八粥称为七宝粥,配料共<span lang="EN-US">7</span>种。明清时,腊八粥的制作更加精细,要用黄米、白米、江米、小米、菱角末、栗子、红豆、去皮枣泥等加水煮熟,外用染红的桃仁、杏仁、瓜子、花生、榛子、松子及红糖、白糖等进行点缀。每到节期,皇宫不仅煮腊八粥,而且还要分赐百姓。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span>现今制作的腊八粥,随各地风俗,种类不一,原料主要由多种米、豆、干果和坚果构成。<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span>从现代营养学角度来看,豆中含有唯一能与动物蛋白媲美的优质植物蛋白,干果<span lang="EN-US">“</span>浓缩<span lang="EN-US">”</span>了诸多鲜果中的营养物质,坚果不仅含有丰富的蛋白质,而且富含维生素<span lang="EN-US">E</span>和多种微量元素,这些对于提高人体免疫力,延缓衰老不无裨益。按传统养生观点,腊八粥具有健脾益肾、滋补虚损的功效。脾、肾分别为人<span lang="EN-US">“</span>后天<span lang="EN-US">”</span>与<span lang="EN-US">“</span>先天<span lang="EN-US">”</span>之本,脾肾充盛,身自强健,<span lang="EN-US">“</span>正气存内,邪不可干<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span>腊八粥香糯可口,严冬食之,能够暖身祛寒,且其性味平和,补而不腻,堪为冬季养生佳品。随着人们生活水平的提高,腊八粥不仅在<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊日<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,大凡冬令皆可不定期食用。四季常食,定可获益。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;<br/>&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八粥怎么做<span lang="EN-US">
                                <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">第一种是北京腊八粥的做法:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">“北京煮粥用料以米、豆、枣三者为主体。米的种类繁多,分为粳米、糯米,再加黍稷<span lang="EN-US">(</span>就是黄米和小米<span lang="EN-US">)</span>,还有大麦米,甚至果类的薏仁、芡实。豆以赤豆为主,也可以少加芸豆。黄豆、豌豆等绝不可用。枣是果类之首,取其香,起调味作用。比较考究的煮法是先取豆汤和枣汤,取汤之法是将赤豆煮烂,用做豆沙的方法去皮留沙,再溶入豆汤内。枣煮烂去皮、核,保持枣的原形,另放侍用,剩下枣、豆的皮渣,用淘米箩在清水中滤一二次,加入原汤,煮粥时用这种汤做底,加清水下米,再加上适当的果肉就煮成味道较好的腊八粥了。用此法煮出的粥,颜色绎红,充满枣、豆的甜香。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">”<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">想必大多数人都觉得这过于繁琐,再推荐一懒人的做法:材料:糯米<span lang="EN-US">1</span>杯、小红豆<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="100" unitname="克"><span lang="EN-US">100</span>克</chmetcnv>、葡萄干、花生仁、莲子、红枣、桂圆干、松子各<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="克"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>克</chmetcnv>、砂糖<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="300" unitname="克"><span lang="EN-US">300</span>克</chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">第二种做法:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、糯米洗净,浸泡一个晚上,小红豆洗净,浸泡约<span lang="EN-US">4</span>小时。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、小红豆、莲子、花生仁放入内锅,烟叶水<span lang="EN-US">6</span>杯,移入电锅中,外锅加水<span lang="EN-US">1</span>杯,蒸至开关跳起;加入糯米,外锅再加水<span lang="EN-US">1</span>杯,续蒸至开关跳起;再加入红枣、桂圆干,外锅加热水半杯,继续蒸至开关跳起,再拌入松子、葡萄干及砂糖<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="300" unitname="克"><span lang="EN-US">300</span>克</chmetcnv>即可。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">千万注意的就是要把不容易煮熟的米和豆子先浸泡数小时,然后按易熟程度下锅,如果都一起放下锅,我想你今晚吃不到香甜的腊八粥了。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">第三种做法:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八粥一般有咸甜两种吃法。咸法中有豆制品、肉丁或是腊肠。这里介绍传统的甜吃腊八粥做法。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">材料:白糯米、桂圆、糖 ;配料是莲子、银耳、红枣、百合、山药、豆类(绿豆、红豆等)。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">做法:<span lang="EN-US">1</span>、糯米<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="克"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>克</chmetcnv>泡<span lang="EN-US">10</span>分钟,加<span lang="EN-US">6</span>杯水,大火煮开,改中小火煮<span lang="EN-US">20</span>分钟,加桂圆、糖再煮<span lang="EN-US">10</span>分钟,完成粥底的制作。<span lang="EN-US">2</span>、加入煮好的配料再煮沸即可。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八粥的功效很多<span lang="EN-US">,</span>可改善虚弱体质,补心血,还可止咳润肺,防止便秘,养颜美容,不一而足。糖尿病、高血脂患者可以吃咸味的腊八粥。冬季气候干燥,寒风入骨。肉粥既美味又御寒。另外,也可多吃大枣粥、玉米粥等。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">按照老底子的风俗,腊八粥是要腊月初七晚上开始做的,洗米、泡果、剥皮、去核,到后半夜开始煮,要用微火炖到第二天清晨,这腊八粥才算熬好。做好后,要先送亲友,而且一定要在中午之前送出去,最后才是全家人食用。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">要是做多了吃不光怎么办?如果那样,这里就要先恭喜你了———按风俗讲,腊八粥吃不光,是好兆头,年年有余啊!<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">最后还要提醒一下老人们,腊八粥味道虽然好,但不要多吃,毕竟里面的莲子、花生什么的不易消<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八粥好喝,选腊八粥的配料却有不少学问。中国医科大学附属第一医院一位专家告诉记者,不同的腊八粥配料有不同功效,如糯米具有温脾益气的作用,适合脾胃功能低下者食用;而薏米经常食用则对慢性肠炎等有效。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  央视近日曾对腊八粥的主要配料莲子生产质量进行过调查,发现部分加工莲子的作坊使用工业用氢氧化钠、双氧水及荧光增白剂加工莲子。提醒市民,对市场上那些偏白、偏黄,或发亮的莲子一定要谨慎选购。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p>
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2#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-1-14 08:56:00 | 只看该作者
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">百度百科:腊八粥<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><a name="1"></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">简介<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> <span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span>腊八粥是一种在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/22439.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">腊八节</span></span></a></span>用由多种食材熬制的粥,也叫七宝五味粥。最早的腊八粥是红小豆来煮,后经演变,加之地方特色,逐渐丰富多彩起来。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a title="返回页首" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5137.htm##"></a></b></span><a name="2"></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">典故<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">说起腊八节大家可能都不会陌生,若是讲起腊八节的来历知道的人就屈指可数了。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">典故一<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">相传,在古印度北部,即今天的尼泊尔南部,迦毗罗卫国有个净饭王,他有个儿子叫乔答摩<span lang="EN-US">·</span>悉达多,年轻时就痛感人世生、老、病、死的各种苦恼,发觉社会生活徒劳无益,并对婆罗门教的神权极为不满,于是,在他<span lang="EN-US">29</span>岁那年,合弃王族的豪华生活,出家修道,学练瑜珈,苦行<span lang="EN-US">6</span>年,大约在公元前<span lang="EN-US">525</span>年,一天,他在佛陀伽耶一株菩提树下,彻悟成道,并创立了佛教。史传,这一天正是中国的农历十二月初八日,由于他是释迦族人,后来佛教徒们尊称他是释迦牟尼,也即是释迦族圣人的意思。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">据说在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2078.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">释迦牟尼</span></span></a></span>成佛之前,曾经修苦行多年,饿得骨瘦如柴,决定不再苦行。这时遇见一个牧女,送他乳糜食用。他吃了乳糜,恢复了体力,便端坐在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/14091.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">菩提树</span></span></a></span>下入定,于十<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="2" year="2008">二月八日</chsdate>成道。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/125449.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">夏历</span></span></a></span>以十二月为腊月,所以十<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="2" year="2008">二月八日</chsdate>称作腊八。中国<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2717.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">汉族</span></span></a></span>地区,将这一天作为释迦牟尼的成道日,于是腊八成了<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/4696.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">佛教</span></span></a></span>节日。佛教传入我国后,各地兴建寺院,煮粥敬佛的活动也随之盛行起来,尤其是到了腊月初八,祭祀释迦牟尼修行成道之日,各寺院都要举行诵经,并效法佛成道前牧女献乳糜的传说故事,用香谷和果实等造粥供佛,名为腊八粥。这便是腊八粥的来历。《百丈清规》说:<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009"><span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊月八日</chsdate>,恭遇本师释迦如来大和尚成道之辰,率比丘众,严备香花灯烛茶果珍羞,以申供养。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>寺院在这天举行诵经,<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">典故二<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">据说,明太祖朱元璋小时候家里很穷,便给一家财主放牛。有一天放牛归来时过一独木桥,牛一滑跌下了桥,将腿跌断。老财主气急败坏,便把他关进一间房子里不给饭吃。朱元璋饿得够呛,忽然发现屋里有一鼠洞,扒开一看,原来是老鼠的一个粮仓,里面有米、有豆,还有红枣。他把这些东西合在一起煮了一锅粥,吃起来十分香甜可口。后来朱元璋当了皇帝,又想起了这件事儿,便叫御厨熬了一锅各种粮豆混在一起的粥。吃的这一天正好是腊月初八,因此就叫腊八粥。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a title="返回页首" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5137.htm##"></a></b></span><a name="3"></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">腊八节习俗<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">早在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/553902.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">宋代</span></span></a></span>,每逢<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">十二月初八日</chsdate>,东京<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2219.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">开封</span></span></a></span>各大寺院都要送七宝五味粥,即<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。宋代孟元老《<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/109145.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">东京梦华录</span></span></a></span>》记载,<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">十二月初八日</chsdate>,<span lang="EN-US">“</span>诸大寺作浴佛会,并送七宝五味粥与门徒,谓之<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。都人是日各家亦以果子杂料煮粥而食也<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。又称<span lang="EN-US">“</span>佛粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。宋代大诗人<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2370.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">陆游</span></span></a></span>诗中说:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>今朝佛粥更相馈,反觉江村节物新。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>也说的是腊八送粥之事。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  腊八粥不仅为僧侣享用,民间也很盛行。元、明、清沿袭这一食俗,清代最为盛行。有诗云:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>家家腊八煮双弓,榛子桃仁染色红。我喜娇儿逢览揆,长叨佛佑荫无穷。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>周密《武林旧事》说:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>八日,则寺院及人家用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/172118.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">胡桃</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/54583.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">松子</span></span></a></span>、乳蕈、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38068.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">柿</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/104715.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">栗</span></span></a></span>之类作粥,谓之<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">’</span>。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>清人富察敦崇在《燕京岁时记<span lang="EN-US">·</span>腊八粥》说:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥者,用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/535585.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">黄米</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/237370.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">白米</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/945914.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">江<span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38394.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">小米</span></span></a></span>、菱角米、栗子、红<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/44943.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">豇豆</span></span></a></span>、去皮枣泥等,合水煮熟,外用染红<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/51608.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">桃仁</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/31027.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">杏仁</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/74900.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">瓜子</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/31512.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">花生</span></span></a></span>、榛穰、松子及<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/266276.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">白糖</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/281988.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">红糖</span></span></a></span>、琐琐<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5119.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">葡萄</span></span></a></span>,以作点染。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,颇有京城特色。元人孙国敕作《燕都游览志》云:<span lang="EN-US">“</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="12" year="2008">十<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="2" year="2008">二月八日</chsdate></chsdate>,赐百官粥,以米果杂成之。品多者为胜,此盖循宋时故事。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>作为一种民间风俗,夏历<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="12" year="2008">十二月八日</chsdate>吃腊八粥,用以庆祝丰收,一直流传至今。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">腊八节除祭祖敬神的活动外,人们还要逐疫。这项活动来源于古代的傩(古代驱鬼避疫的仪式)<span lang="EN-US">——</span>史前时代的医疗方法之一,即驱鬼治疾。作为巫术活动的腊月击鼓驱疫之俗,今在湖南新化等地区仍有留存。<span lang="EN-US">
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[此贴子已经被作者于2008-1-14 8:57:40编辑过]

3#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-1-14 08:59:00 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>“</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八<span lang="EN-US">”</span>是佛教的盛大节日</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">。解放以前各地佛寺作浴佛会,举行诵经,并效仿释迦牟尼成道前,牧女献乳糜的传说故事,用香谷、 果实等煮粥供佛,称<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。并将腊八粥赠送给门徒及善男信女们,以后便在民间相沿成俗。据说有的寺院于<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">腊月初八</chsdate>以前由僧人手持钵盂,沿街化缘,将收集来的米、栗、枣、果仁等材料煮成腊八粥散发给穷人。传说吃了以后可以得到佛祖的保佑, 所以穷人把它叫做<span lang="EN-US">“</span>佛粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。南宋陆游诗云:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>今朝佛粥更相馈, 反觉江村节物新。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>据说杭州名刹天宁寺内有储藏剩饭的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>栈饭楼<span lang="EN-US">”</span>平时寺僧每日把剩饭晒干,积一年的余粮,到<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">腊月初八</chsdate>煮成腊八粥分赠信徒,称为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>福寿粥<span lang="EN-US">”“</span>福德粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>意思是说吃了以后可以增福增寿。可见当时各寺僧爱惜粮食之美德。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">宋朝吴自牧撰《梦粱录》卷六载:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>八日,寺院谓之<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>腊八<span lang="EN-US">’</span>。大刹寺等俱设五味粥,名曰<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">’</span>。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>此时,腊八煮粥已成民间食俗,不过,当时帝王还以此来笼络众臣。《永乐大典》记述<span lang="EN-US">“</span>是月八日,禅家谓之腊八日,煮经糟粥以供佛饭僧<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。到了清代,雍正三年<span lang="EN-US">(</span>公元<span lang="EN-US">1725</span>年<span lang="EN-US">)</span>世宗将北京安定门内国子监以东的府邸改为雍和宫,每逢腊八日,在宫内万福阁等处,用锅煮腊八粥并请来喇嘛僧人诵经,然后将粥分给各王宫大臣,品尝食用以度节日。《光绪顺天府志》又云:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>每<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">岁<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">腊月八日</chsdate></chsdate>,雍和官熬粥,定制,派大臣监视,盖供上膳焉。<span lang="EN-US">”&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><a title="返回页首" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5137.htm##"></a></span><a name="4"></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八粥食俗<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">我国喝腊八粥的历史,已有一千多年。最早开始于宋代。每逢腊八这一天,不论是朝廷、官府、寺院还是黎民百姓家都要做腊八粥。明代的用料,加江米、白果、核桃仁、栗子等煮粥。到了清朝,喝腊八粥的风俗更是盛行。在宫廷,皇帝、皇后、皇子等都要向文武大臣、侍从宫女赐腊八粥,并向各个寺院发放米、果等供僧侣食用。在民间,家家户户也要做腊八粥,祭祀祖先;同时,合家团聚在一起食用,馈赠亲朋好友。著名的雍和宫腊八粥,除了江米、小米等五谷杂粮外,还加有羊肉丁和奶油,粥面撒有红枣、桂圆、核桃仁、葡萄干、瓜子仁、青红丝等。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">中国各地腊八粥的花样,争奇竞巧,品种繁多。其中以北平的最为讲究,搀在白米中的物品较多,如红枣、莲子、核桃、栗子、杏仁、松仁、桂圆、榛子、葡萄、白果、菱角、青丝、玫瑰、红豆、花生<span lang="EN-US">……</span>总计不下二十种。人们在腊月初七的晚上,就开始忙碌起来,洗米、泡果、拨皮、去核、精拣。然后在半夜时分开始煮,再用微火炖,一直炖到第二天的清晨,腊八粥才算熬好了。更为讲究的人家,还要先将果子雕刻成人形、动物、花样,再放在锅中煮。比较有特色的就是在腊八粥中放上果狮。果狮是用几种果子做成的狮形物,用剔去枣核烤干的脆枣作为狮身,半个核桃仁作为狮头,桃仁作为狮脚,甜杏仁用来作狮子尾巴。然后用糖粘在一起,放在粥碗里,活像头小狮子。如果碗较大,可以摆上双狮或是四头小狮子。更讲究的,就是用枣泥、豆沙、山药、山楂糕等具备各种颜色的食物,捏成八仙人、老寿星、罗汉像。这种装饰的腊八粥,只有在以前的大寺庙的供桌上才可以见到。腊八粥熬好之后,要先敬神祭祖。之后要赠送亲友,一定要在中午之前送出去。最后才是全家人食用。吃剩的腊八粥,保存着吃了几天还有剩下来的,却是好兆头,取其年年有余的意义。如果把粥送给穷苦的人吃,那更是为自己积德。腊八粥在民间还有巫术的作用。假如院子里种着花卉和果树,也要在枝干上涂抹一些腊八粥,相信来年多结果实。腊八这一天,除了祭祖敬神外,还有悼念亡国、寄托哀思。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p>
4#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-1-14 09:01:00 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八粥在古时是用红小豆、糯米煮成,后来材料逐渐增多。至今我国江南、东北、西北广大地区人民仍保留着吃腊八粥的习俗,广东地区已不多见。所用材料各有不同,多用糯米、红豆、枣子、栗子、花生、白果、莲子、百合等煮成甜粥。也有加入桂圆、龙眼肉、蜜饯等同煮的。冬季吃一碗热气腾腾的腊八粥,既可口又营养,确实能增福增寿。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  天津人煮腊八粥,同北京近似,讲究些的还要加莲子、百合、珍珠米、意仁米、大麦仁、粘秫米、粘黄米、芸豆、绿豆、桂圆肉、龙眼肉、白果、红枣及糖水桂花等,色、香、味俱佳。近年还有加入黑米的。这种腊八粥可供食疗,有健脾、开胃、补气、安神、清心、养血等功效。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  山西的腊八粥,别称八宝粥,以小米为主,附加以豇豆、小豆、绿豆、小枣,还有粘黄米、大米、江米等煮之。晋东南地区,<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="31" month="12" year="2008">腊月初五</chsdate>即用小豆、红豆、豇豆、红薯、花生、江米、柿饼,合水煮粥,又叫甜饭,亦是食俗之一。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  陕北高原在腊八之日,熬粥除了用多种米、豆之外,还得加入各种干果、豆腐和肉混合煮成。通常是早晨就煮,或甜或咸,依人口味自选酌定。倘是午间吃,还要在粥内煮上些面条,全家人团聚共餐。吃完以后,还要将粥抹在门上、灶台上及门外树上,以驱邪避灾,迎接来年的农业大丰收。民间相传,腊八这天忌吃菜,说吃了菜,庄稼地里杂草多。陕南人腊八要吃杂合粥,分<span lang="EN-US">“</span>五味<span lang="EN-US">”</span>和<span lang="EN-US">“</span>八味<span lang="EN-US">”</span>两种。前者用大米、糯米、花生、白果、豆子煮成。后者用上述五种原料外加大肉丁、豆腐、萝卜,另外还要加调味品。腊八这天人们除了吃腊八粥,还得用粥供奉祖先和粮仓。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  <span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/8461.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">甘肃</span></span></a></span>人 传统煮腊八粥用五谷、蔬菜,煮熟后除家人吃,还分送给邻里,还要用来喂家畜。在兰州、白银城市地区,腊八粥煮得很讲究,用大米、豆、红枣、白果、莲子、葡萄干、杏干、瓜干、核桃仁、青红丝、白糖、肉丁等煮成。煮熟后先用来敬门神、灶神、土神、财神,祈求来年风调雨顺,五谷丰登;再分给亲邻,最后一家人享用。甘肃武威地区讲究过<span lang="EN-US">“</span>素腊八<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,吃大米稠饭、扁豆饭或是稠饭,煮熟后配炸散子、麻花同吃,民俗叫它<span lang="EN-US">“</span>扁豆粥泡散<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>  <span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/9520.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">宁夏</span></span></a></span>人做腊八饭一般用扁豆、黄豆、红豆、蚕豆、黑豆、大米、土豆煮粥,再加上用麦面或荞麦面切成菱形柳叶片的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>麦穗子<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,或者是做成小圆蛋的<span lang="EN-US">“</span>雀儿头<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,出锅之前再入葱花油。这天全家人只吃腊八饭,不吃菜。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/4311.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">青海</span></span></a>
                </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">的西宁人,虽是汉族人居多,可是腊八不吃粥,而是吃麦仁饭。将新碾的麦仁,与牛羊肉同煮,加上青盐、姜皮、花椒、草果、苗香等佐料,经一夜文火煮熬,肉、麦交融成乳糜状,清晨揭锅,异香扑鼻,食之可口。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/4233.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">山东</span></span></a> “<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/17958.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">孔府</span></span></a></span>食制<span lang="EN-US">”</span>中,规定<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>分两种,一种是用意米仁、桂圆、莲子、百合、栗子、红枣、粳米等熬成的,盛入碗里还要加些<span lang="EN-US">“</span>粥果<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,主要是雕刻成各种形状的水果,是为点缀。这种粥专供孔府主人及十二府主人食用。另一种是用大米、肉片、白菜、豆腐等煮成的,是给孔府里当差们喝的。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  <span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2874.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">河南</span></span></a></span>人 吃腊八饭,是小米、绿豆、豇豆、麦仁、花生、红枣、玉米特等八种原料配合煮成,熟后加些红糖、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/51603.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">核桃仁</span></span></a></span>,粥稠味香,喻意来年五谷丰登。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/4141.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">江苏</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">地区 吃腊八粥分甜咸两种,煮法一样。只是咸粥是加青菜和油。苏州人煮腊八粥要放入茨菇、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/23813.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">荸荠</span></span></a></span>、胡桃仁、松子仁、芡实、红枣、栗子、木耳、青菜、金针菇等。清代苏州文人李福曾有诗云:<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009"><span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊月八日</chsdate>粥,传自梵王国,七宝美调和,五味香掺入。<span lang="EN-US">”<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/4150.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">浙江</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">人 煮腊八粥一般都用胡桃仁、松子仁、芡实、莲子、红枣、桂圆肉、荔枝肉等,香甜味美,食之祈求长命百岁。据说,这种煮粥方法是从南京流传过来的,其中内含若干传说。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  <span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7627.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">四川</span></span></a></span>地大人多,腊八粥做法五花八门,甜咸麻辣,而农村人吃咸味的比较多,主要是用黄豆、花生、肉丁、白萝卜、胡萝卜熬成的。异乡人来此品尝,虽入乡随俗,但很难习惯,现如今城市人吃甜粥的也不少,堪称风味各异。腊八与粥可谓密切相关,而粥喝在腊八,也算是喝出了花样,喝出了水平。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><a title="返回页首" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5137.htm##"></a></span><a name="5"></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八节美食<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p>
5#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-1-14 09:07:00 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八豆腐<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/11135.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">豆腐</span></span></a>”</span>是安徽黔县民间风味特产,在春节前夕的腊八,即<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">农历十二月初八</chsdate>前后,黔县家家户户都要晒制豆腐,民间将这种自然晒制的豆腐称作<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八豆腐<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">翡翠碧玉腊八蒜</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">泡腊八蒜是北方、尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义,就是在<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">阴历腊月初八</chsdate>的这天来泡制蒜。其实材料非常简单,就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单,将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面,然后倒入醋,封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地,泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿,最后会变得通体碧绿的,如同翡翠碧玉。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">煮<span lang="EN-US">“</span>五豆<span lang="EN-US">”<p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">有些地方过腊八煮粥,不称<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,而叫做煮<span lang="EN-US">“</span>五豆<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,有的在腊八当天煮,有的在<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="31" month="12" year="2008">腊月初五</chsdate>就煮了,还要用面捏些<span lang="EN-US">“</span>雀儿头<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,和米、豆(五种豆子)同煮。据说,腊八人们吃了<span lang="EN-US">“</span>雀儿头<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,麻雀头痛,来年不危害庄稼。煮的这种<span lang="EN-US">“</span>五豆<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,除了自食,也赠亲邻。每天吃饭时弄热搭配食用,一直吃到<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="18" month="1" year="2009">腊月二十三</chsdate>,象征连年有余。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八面<span lang="EN-US">
                                        <br/></span></span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  我国北方一些不产或少产大米的地方,人们不吃腊八粥,而是吃腊八面。隔天用各种果、蔬做成臊子,把面条擀好,到腊月初八早晨全家吃腊八面。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><a title="返回页首" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5137.htm##"></a></span><a name="6"></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">制作过程<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">原料<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/35787.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">大米</span></span></a><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="克">50<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,黄小米<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="克">50<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,粘黄米<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="克">50<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1965.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">糯米</span></span></a><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="克">50<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/291531.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">秫米</span></span></a>(</span></span></span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">粘高粱米<span lang="EN-US">)<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="50" unitname="克">50<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/61703.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">红小豆</span></span></a><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="100" unitname="克">100<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/20566.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">莲子</span></span></a><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="100" unitname="克">100<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/46284.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">桂圆</span></span></a><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="100" unitname="克">100<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv>&nbsp; &nbsp; <br/><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/402594.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">花生米</span></span></a><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="100" unitname="克">100<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38355.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">栗子</span></span></a><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="100" unitname="克">100<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,小红枣<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="100" unitname="克">100<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">克</span></span></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US">,白糖适量。<p></p></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">制作方法<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、先将莲子去衣去心放入碗中加水浸没,再放入蒸笼,用旺火蒸约<span lang="EN-US">1</span>小时,蒸熟取出备用。<span lang="EN-US">
                                <br/>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2</span>、将桂圆去掉皮、核,只要肉;将栗子剥掉壳及衣。<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 3</span>、锅内放入适量的水,然后把秫米、红小豆、花生米、小红枣洗干净倒入锅内煮,待煮成半熟时,再将大米、黄小米、粘黄米、糯米洗干净倒入锅内一起煮,待锅开后,再用微火煮。将粥煮熬到七八成熟时,把蒸熟的莲子倒入粥内搅拌均匀,开锅后再煮一会移下火来,盛入清洁消毒的锅内,撒上白糖。如今超市里有配好了的腊八粥原料,但您也可根据自己的饮食习惯以及身体状况选择腊八粥的配料,熬出的腊八粥会独具特色。 <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><a title="返回页首" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5137.htm##"></a></span><a name="7"></a><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">营养成分<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">国人钟情腊八粥,食俗之外,也确有些科学道理。清代营养学家曹燕山撰《粥谱》,对腊八粥的健身营养功能讲得详尽、清楚,调理营养,易于吸收,是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>食疗<span lang="EN-US">”</span>佳品,有和胃、补脾、养心、清肺、益肾、利肝、消渴、明目、通便、安神的作用。这些已都被现代医学所证实。对于老年人说来,腊八粥同样也是有益的美食,但也应注意不宜多喝。其实,何止是腊八,平素喝粥,对老年人也是大有裨益的。粥的品种也相当多,可因人而异,按需选择,酌情食用。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; “</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的主要原料为谷类,常用的有粳米、糯米和薏米。粳米含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钙、磷、铁等成分,具有补中益气、养脾胃、和五脏、除烦止渴、益精等功用。糯米具有温脾益气的作用,适于脾胃功能低下者食用,对于虚寒泄利、虚烦口渴、小便不利等有一定辅助治疗作用。中医认为薏米具有健脾、补肺、清热、渗湿的功能,经常食用对慢性肠炎、消化不良等症也有良效。富含膳食纤维的薏米有预防高血脂、高血压、中风及心血管疾病的功效。  <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">豆类是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的配料,常用的有黄豆、赤小豆。黄豆含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、粗纤维、钙、磷、铁、胡萝卜素、硫胺素、核黄素、尼克酸等,营养十分丰富,并且具有降低血中胆固醇、预防心血管病、抑制多种恶性肿瘤、预防骨质疏松等多种保健功能。赤小豆含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、粗纤维、钙、磷、铁、硫胺素、核黄素、尼克酸等,中医认为本品具有健脾燥湿、利水消肿之功,对于脾虚腹泻以及水肿有一定的辅助治疗作用。  <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">不可小看<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>中果仁的食疗作用,花生和核桃是不可缺少的原料。花生有<span lang="EN-US">“</span>长生果<span lang="EN-US">”</span>的美称,具有润肺、和胃、止咳、利尿、下乳等多种功能。核桃仁具有补肾纳气、益智健脑、强筋壮骨的作用,还能够增进食欲、乌须生发,核桃仁中所含的维生素<span lang="EN-US">E</span>更是医药学界公认的抗衰老药物。   <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">如果在<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>内再加羊肉、狗肉、鸡肉等,就更使腊八粥营养滋补价值倍增。对于高血压患者,不妨在粥里加点白萝卜、芹菜,对于经常失眠的患者,如果在粥里加点龙眼肉、酸枣仁将会起到很好的养心安神的作用,何首乌、枸杞子具有延年益寿的作用,对血脂也有辅助的调节作用,是老年人的食疗佳品。燕麦具有降低血中胆固醇浓度的作用,食用燕麦后可减慢血糖值的上升,在碳水化合物食品中添加燕麦后可抑制血糖值上升,因此对于糖尿病以及糖尿病合并心血管疾病的患者,不妨在粥里放点燕麦。大枣也是一种益气养血、健脾的食疗佳品,对脾胃虚弱、血虚萎黄和肺虚咳嗽等症有一定疗效。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p>
6#
发表于 2008-1-14 09:07:00 | 只看该作者
<p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000088" size="7">沙发沙发大沙发``````</font></p><p><font face="楷体_GB2312" color="#000088" size="7">蓝山的帖子一定要顶```</font></p>
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-1-14 09:08:00 | 只看该作者
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><a title="返回页首" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5137.htm##"></a></span></b><a name="8"></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">《红楼梦》中关于腊八粥的典故<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">  宝玉只怕他睡出病来,便哄他道:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>嗳哟!你们扬州衙门里有一件大故事,你可知道?<span lang="EN-US">”</span>黛玉见他说的郑重,且又正言厉色,只当是真事,因问:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>什么事?<span lang="EN-US">”</span>宝玉见问,便忍着笑顺口诌道:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>扬州有一座黛山<span lang="EN-US">.</span>山上有个林子洞。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>黛玉笑道:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>就是扯谎,自来也没听见这山。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>宝玉道:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>天下山水多着呢,你那里知道这些不成。等我说完了,你再批评。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>黛玉道:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>你且说。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>宝玉又诌道:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>林子洞里原来有群耗子精。那一年腊月初七日。老耗子升座议事。因说:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>明日乃是腊八,世上人都熬腊八粥。如今我们洞中果品短少,须得趁此打劫些来方妙。<span lang="EN-US">’</span>乃拔令箭一枝,遣一能干的小耗前去打听。一时小耗回报:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>各处察访打听已毕,惟有山下庙里果米最多。<span lang="EN-US">’</span>老耗问:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>米有几样?果有几品?<span lang="EN-US">’</span>小耗道:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>米豆成仓,不可胜记。果品有五种:一红枣,二栗子,三落花生,四菱角,五香芋。<span lang="EN-US">’</span>老耗听了大喜,即时点耗前去。乃拔令箭问:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>谁去偷米?<span lang="EN-US">’</span>一耗便接令去偷米。又拔令箭问:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>谁去偷豆?<span lang="EN-US">’</span>又一耗接令去偷豆。然后一一的都各领令去了。只剩了香芋一种,因又拔令箭问:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>谁去偷香芋?<span lang="EN-US">’</span>只见一个极小极弱的小耗应道:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>我愿去偷香芋。<span lang="EN-US">’</span>老耗并众耗见他这样,恐不谙练,且怯懦无力,都不准他去。小耗道:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>我虽年小身弱,却是法术无边,口齿伶俐,机谋深远。此去管比他们偷的还巧呢。<span lang="EN-US">’</span>众耗忙问:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>如何比他们巧呢?<span lang="EN-US">’</span>小耗道:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>我不学他们直偷,我只摇身一变,也变成个香芋,滚在香芋堆里,使人看不出,听不见,却暗暗的用分身法搬运,渐渐的就搬运尽了。岂不比直偷硬取的巧些?<span lang="EN-US">’</span>众耗听了,都道:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>妙却妙,只是不知怎么个变法,你先变个我们瞧瞧。<span lang="EN-US">’</span>小耗听了,笑道:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>这个不难,等我变来。<span lang="EN-US">’</span>说毕,摇身说<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>变<span lang="EN-US">'’</span>,竟变了一个最标致美貌的一位小姐。众耗忙笑道:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>变错了,变错了。原说变果子的,如何变出小姐来?<span lang="EN-US">’</span>小耗现形笑道:<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>我说你们没见世面,只认得这果子是香芋,却不知盐课林老爷的小姐才是真正的香玉呢。<span lang="EN-US">’”</span>黛玉听了,翻身爬起来,按着宝玉笑道:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>我把你烂了嘴的!我就知道你是编我呢。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>说着,便拧的宝玉连连央告,说:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>好妹妹,饶我罢,再不敢了!我因为闻你香,忽然想起这个故典来。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>黛玉笑道:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>饶骂了人,还说是故典呢。<span lang="EN-US">”&nbsp;----</span>第十九回 情切切良宵花解语 意绵绵静日玉生香<span lang="EN-US">&nbsp; &nbsp;<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p>
8#
发表于 2008-1-14 09:12:00 | 只看该作者
9#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-1-14 09:14:00 | 只看该作者
<p><font face="幼圆" size="4">是应拉饵先生的要求,在网上下载了一些腊八的话题。请大家挑着看。祝过好民俗节。别忘了敬钓竿。<img alt="" src="https://www.bjdiaoyu.com/Skins/Default/emot/em01.gif" style="MARGIN: 6px; CURSOR: pointer;"/><img alt="" src="https://www.bjdiaoyu.com/Skins/Default/emot/em01.gif" style="MARGIN: 6px; CURSOR: pointer;"/><img alt="" src="https://www.bjdiaoyu.com/Skins/Default/emot/em01.gif" style="MARGIN: 6px; CURSOR: pointer;"/></font></p><p><font face="幼圆" size="4">忽悠好快。明天早晨去雍和宫喝粥去。</font></p>
10#
发表于 2008-1-14 10:58:00 | 只看该作者
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