<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">百度百科:腊八粥<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><a name="1"></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">简介<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> <span lang="EN-US"> </span>腊八粥是一种在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/22439.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">腊八节</span></span></a></span>用由多种食材熬制的粥,也叫七宝五味粥。最早的腊八粥是红小豆来煮,后经演变,加之地方特色,逐渐丰富多彩起来。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a title="返回页首" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5137.htm##"></a></b></span><a name="2"></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">典故<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">说起腊八节大家可能都不会陌生,若是讲起腊八节的来历知道的人就屈指可数了。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">典故一<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">相传,在古印度北部,即今天的尼泊尔南部,迦毗罗卫国有个净饭王,他有个儿子叫乔答摩<span lang="EN-US">·</span>悉达多,年轻时就痛感人世生、老、病、死的各种苦恼,发觉社会生活徒劳无益,并对婆罗门教的神权极为不满,于是,在他<span lang="EN-US">29</span>岁那年,合弃王族的豪华生活,出家修道,学练瑜珈,苦行<span lang="EN-US">6</span>年,大约在公元前<span lang="EN-US">525</span>年,一天,他在佛陀伽耶一株菩提树下,彻悟成道,并创立了佛教。史传,这一天正是中国的农历十二月初八日,由于他是释迦族人,后来佛教徒们尊称他是释迦牟尼,也即是释迦族圣人的意思。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">据说在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2078.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">释迦牟尼</span></span></a></span>成佛之前,曾经修苦行多年,饿得骨瘦如柴,决定不再苦行。这时遇见一个牧女,送他乳糜食用。他吃了乳糜,恢复了体力,便端坐在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/14091.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">菩提树</span></span></a></span>下入定,于十<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="2" year="2008">二月八日</chsdate>成道。<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/125449.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">夏历</span></span></a></span>以十二月为腊月,所以十<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="2" year="2008">二月八日</chsdate>称作腊八。中国<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2717.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">汉族</span></span></a></span>地区,将这一天作为释迦牟尼的成道日,于是腊八成了<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/4696.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">佛教</span></span></a></span>节日。佛教传入我国后,各地兴建寺院,煮粥敬佛的活动也随之盛行起来,尤其是到了腊月初八,祭祀释迦牟尼修行成道之日,各寺院都要举行诵经,并效法佛成道前牧女献乳糜的传说故事,用香谷和果实等造粥供佛,名为腊八粥。这便是腊八粥的来历。《百丈清规》说:<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009"><span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊月八日</chsdate>,恭遇本师释迦如来大和尚成道之辰,率比丘众,严备香花灯烛茶果珍羞,以申供养。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>寺院在这天举行诵经,<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">典故二<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">据说,明太祖朱元璋小时候家里很穷,便给一家财主放牛。有一天放牛归来时过一独木桥,牛一滑跌下了桥,将腿跌断。老财主气急败坏,便把他关进一间房子里不给饭吃。朱元璋饿得够呛,忽然发现屋里有一鼠洞,扒开一看,原来是老鼠的一个粮仓,里面有米、有豆,还有红枣。他把这些东西合在一起煮了一锅粥,吃起来十分香甜可口。后来朱元璋当了皇帝,又想起了这件事儿,便叫御厨熬了一锅各种粮豆混在一起的粥。吃的这一天正好是腊月初八,因此就叫腊八粥。<span lang="EN-US"><br/><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a title="返回页首" href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5137.htm##"></a></b></span><a name="3"></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">腊八节习俗<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">早在<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/553902.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">宋代</span></span></a></span>,每逢<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">十二月初八日</chsdate>,东京<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2219.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">开封</span></span></a></span>各大寺院都要送七宝五味粥,即<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。宋代孟元老《<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/109145.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">东京梦华录</span></span></a></span>》记载,<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="True" day="3" month="1" year="2009">十二月初八日</chsdate>,<span lang="EN-US">“</span>诸大寺作浴佛会,并送七宝五味粥与门徒,谓之<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。都人是日各家亦以果子杂料煮粥而食也<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。又称<span lang="EN-US">“</span>佛粥<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。宋代大诗人<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2370.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">陆游</span></span></a></span>诗中说:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>今朝佛粥更相馈,反觉江村节物新。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>也说的是腊八送粥之事。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"> 腊八粥不仅为僧侣享用,民间也很盛行。元、明、清沿袭这一食俗,清代最为盛行。有诗云:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>家家腊八煮双弓,榛子桃仁染色红。我喜娇儿逢览揆,长叨佛佑荫无穷。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>周密《武林旧事》说:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>八日,则寺院及人家用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/172118.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">胡桃</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/54583.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">松子</span></span></a></span>、乳蕈、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38068.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">柿</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/104715.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">栗</span></span></a></span>之类作粥,谓之<span lang="EN-US">‘</span>腊八粥<span lang="EN-US">’</span>。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>清人富察敦崇在《燕京岁时记<span lang="EN-US">·</span>腊八粥》说:<span lang="EN-US">“</span>腊八粥者,用<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/535585.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">黄米</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/237370.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">白米</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/945914.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">江<span lang="EN-US">米</span></span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/38394.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">小米</span></span></a></span>、菱角米、栗子、红<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/44943.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">豇豆</span></span></a></span>、去皮枣泥等,合水煮熟,外用染红<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/51608.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">桃仁</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/31027.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">杏仁</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/74900.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">瓜子</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/31512.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">花生</span></span></a></span>、榛穰、松子及<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/266276.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">白糖</span></span></a></span>、<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/281988.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">红糖</span></span></a></span>、琐琐<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5119.htm" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: windowtext;"><span lang="EN-US">葡萄</span></span></a></span>,以作点染。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,颇有京城特色。元人孙国敕作《燕都游览志》云:<span lang="EN-US">“</span><chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="12" year="2008">十<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="2" year="2008">二月八日</chsdate></chsdate>,赐百官粥,以米果杂成之。品多者为胜,此盖循宋时故事。<span lang="EN-US">”</span>作为一种民间风俗,夏历<chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" month="12" year="2008">十二月八日</chsdate>吃腊八粥,用以庆祝丰收,一直流传至今。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">腊八节除祭祖敬神的活动外,人们还要逐疫。这项活动来源于古代的傩(古代驱鬼避疫的仪式)<span lang="EN-US">——</span>史前时代的医疗方法之一,即驱鬼治疾。作为巫术活动的腊月击鼓驱疫之俗,今在湖南新化等地区仍有留存。<span lang="EN-US">
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[此贴子已经被作者于2008-1-14 8:57:40编辑过]
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